NANOTUBE'05 Conference:
NANOTUBE'05 Conference:
Influence of Length on Cytotoxicity of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes against
Human Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cell Line THP-1 in Vitro and Subcutaneous
Tissue of Rats in Vivo
1Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku
University, Aoba 6-6-20, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
2Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan.
3Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
4Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku,
Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
Contact e-mail: hige@bucky1.kankyo.tohoku.ac.jp
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are single- or multi-cylindrical graphene structures
that possess diameters of a few nanometers, while the length can be up to a few
micrometers. These could have unusual toxicological properties, in that they
share intermediate morphological characteristics of both fibers and
nanoparticles. Here, we investigated the activation of the human acute monocytic
leukemia cell line THP-1 in vitro and the response in subcutaneous tissue
in vivo to CNTs of different lengths. We used 220 nm and 825 nm long CNT
samples for testing, referred to as "220-CNTs" and "825-CNTs", respectively.
220-CNTs and 825-CNTs induced human monocytes in vitro, although the
activity was significantly lower than that of microbial lipopeptide and
lipopolysaccharide, and no activity appeared following variation in the length
of CNTs. On the other hand, the degree of inflammatory response in subcutaneous
tissue in rats around the 220-CNTs was slight in comparison with that around the
825-CNTs. These results indicated that the degree of inflammation around
825-CNTs was stronger than that around 220-CNTs since macrophages could envelop
220-CNTs more readily than 825-CNTs. However, no severe inflammatory response
such as necrosis, degeneration or neutrophil infiltration in vivo was
observed around both CNTs examined throughout the experimental period.
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